SCOLI

SCOLI

Twisting motion associated with golf swing puts intervertebral discs, paraspinal musculature under stress

2 minutes

Golf might seem like a low-risk sport, but the biomechanics of the golf swing place significant stress on the spine. Our new study, led by Ben Carnovale, highlights how the twisting motion required for a powerful swing can strain the intervertebral discs and paraspinal muscles, leading to injury over time.

The Problem: Rotational Stress on the Spine

A proper golf swing requires a forceful rotation of the torso while the lower body remains relatively stable. This motion creates torque along the spine, particularly in the lumbar region. Repeated stress over time can contribute to disc herniation, degeneration, and chronic muscle strain. The paraspinal muscles, which help stabilize the spine, are particularly vulnerable to overuse injuries, especially in golfers who lack core strength or flexibility.

So what did we find?

Researchers analyzed a large dataset of emergency department visits related to golf injuries, focusing on those involving the spine. The most common diagnosis was muscle strain, accounting for more than half of the reported injuries. Lumbar injuries were the most frequent, making up over 75% of cases, and older golfers were at higher risk. While the overall number of injuries remained steady over the years, the average age of those injured increased, suggesting that age-related changes in spinal flexibility and resilience may play a role.

Implications for Golfers and Clinicians

For golfers, these findings emphasize the importance of proper technique, strength training, and flexibility. A well-conditioned core can help absorb some of the rotational stress placed on the spine. For clinicians, understanding these patterns can improve diagnosis and treatment. A detailed patient history that includes golfing habits, swing mechanics, and any changes in playing frequency can help pinpoint the cause of injury. In many cases, conservative treatment with rest, physical therapy, and strength training is effective, but more severe injuries may require imaging and specialized care.

Golf remains a physically demanding sport, and while spinal injuries are common, they are also preventable. Whether through conditioning programs or swing modifications, minimizing stress on the spine is key to avoiding long-term damage.

Keywords: Golf twisting

The Spine Computational Outcomes Learning Institute at the University of Pittsburgh drives breakthroughs in neurosurgical care through pioneering research and cross-disciplinary innovation, while UPMC combines clinical excellence with this groundbreaking research to transform lives. The Department of Neurological Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine is an Equal Opportunity Employer committed to building diverse teams that advance neurological care for all patients.